Agriculture in Benin is the most vital sector of the economy, engaging over 70% of the population. The country’s rich soils and favorable climate allow for the cultivation of a wide range of crops, with cotton, maize, cassava, and yams being the most significant. Cotton, in particular, is Benin’s leading export, often referred to as the "white gold" of the nation.

The agricultural landscape is primarily dominated by smallholder farmers who rely on traditional techniques and rain-fed farming. Despite their resilience, many face challenges such as poor infrastructure, limited access to financing, and climate variability. These constraints often hinder productivity and restrict access to national and international markets.

To address these challenges, the government and its partners are working to modernize the sector. Efforts include promoting climate-smart agriculture, improving irrigation systems, and investing in agribusiness. With continued support and innovation, agriculture in Benin has the potential to drive sustainable development, reduce poverty, and ensure long-term food security.